Journal of International Relations of KNU

TUNISIA AFTER THE EVENTS OF THE ARAB SPRING: THE CAUSES OF INSTABILITY

P. Ignatiev — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

It is notable fact that Tunisia is the only country of North Africa and the Middle East where the Arab Spring of 2011 known as Jasmine Revolution
was victorious. As a result, President Zine al-Abidine ben Ali resigned after two decades in power and left the country. In the wake of his resignation
new political elite implemented own democratic experiment that became politically successful, but caused many questions concerning the
quality of economic reforms. The article deals with the most important reasons behind the instability of Tunisia after the victory of the people's
uprising. The author defines essential fields of economic activity where reforms are badly needed and also formulates recommendations intended
to liberalize economy, keep in check corruption, and investments in interior regions.
Keywords: Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, terrorism, tourism, pipelines.

CHINA'S APPROACHES TO THE UN'S ROLE IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST DURING THE COLD WAR

Yu. Skorokhod — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the development of China's position on UN involvement in conflict resolution in the Middle East. In particular, it investigates
the impact of the transformation of foreign policy concepts on the approaches of official Beijing toward UN peacekeeping activities in the
Middle East during the Cold War. In the 1950s and 1970s, Mao Zedong's view of the UN as a political tool for the superpowers to pursue their interests
in the world was largely grounded on ideology. That said, the article argues that the position of China between 1950 and 1970 reflected certain
dualism, namely a negative perception of the UN with a clear desire to become a member of this international organization. Eventually, the changes
in China's foreign policy goals from revolutionary to more realistic ones designed to facilitate reforms in the country led to a radical shift in
Beijing's position on UN peacekeeping in the Middle East. The study interrogates key elements of China's position on the Middle East conflict in the
1970s and 1980s in the Security Council after China gained UN membership in 1971.
Keywords: China, UN, Middle East, conflicts, conflict resolution.

FROM THE "THIRD WORLD" TO EUROPE: PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION FROM AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST

I. Mingazutdinov, G. Mingazutdinova — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The article unfolds basic theoretical and practical aspects of contemporary migration to Europe since the early XXth century till
today (case study – Africa and Middle East). An analysis of historic and current migration driving forces for Africans entering Europe
is given by counties of origin and host countries respectively. The sociological and geographical image of contemporary African
migrant to Europe is being shaped. The routes used by African and Middle Eastern migrants moving towards the EU, as well as the
correlation between the counties of origin and host countries' historical background, are being outlined. Basic hub countries on the
way from Africa and Middle East are being investigated. A number of expats' local initiatives aimed at providing migrants' interests
and rights by countries of origin are being presented. Thus, the activities of both humanitarian initiatives of the expats, exiled political
parties operating in the host countries and local political forces of the diasporas are being emphasized.
Keywords: migration, the EU, Africa, Middle East, expat communities, sociology.

THE EU'S BLACK SEA POLICY PRIORITIES FOR THE UPCOMING DECADE

O. Khylko — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The European Union's interest in the Black Sea region, which has never been at the forefront of the EU's foreign policy agenda,
is dynamic demonstrated by the policy of a new, more powerful Union after Lisbon. Despite the urgency of the Black Sea's hard security
issues stipulated by militarization of the region by Russia, the European Union is focusing on connectivity, sustainable development,
the blue economy and energy. It is this agenda that will determine the EU's policy in the region for the next decade. Understanding
these priorities is important for shaping Ukraine's foreign policy, security, energy and environmental agendas.
Keywords: European Union, Black Sea region, Russia, agenda for Ukraine.

EVOLUTION OF SINGAPORE'S NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

B. Cherkas, R. Tezbir — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The article describes the evolution of Singapore's National Security Strategy according to specific threats at different stages of the country's
development. Based on the analysis of the National Security Strategy, adopted in 2004, the author examines the specific measures taken by the
Government to overcome the security challenges and ways to establish the inter-agency coordination of authorities, businesses and civil society.
Given the innovation and openness of the economy of the Republic of Singapore, particular attention is paid to the Cybersecurity Strategy, as well
as to the cooperation with other countries working together to overcome security challenge.
Keywords: Republic of Singapore, national security, transnational terrorism, inter-agency coordination, cybersecurity, social harmony.

CHINESE-UKRAINIAN INTERSTATE RELATIONS: PRECONDITIONS, INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS

I. Zinevych — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The article considers the preconditions for the formation of Chinese-Ukrainian interstate relations, analyzes the development of cooperation between
Ukraine and China during the term of six presidents of Ukraine, and conditionally identifies eight stages in the evolution of relations. A study
of domestic and foreign policy factors that determined the course of Ukraine's foreign policy towards China since the beginning of the first political
contacts between the states was conducted. The main documents governing political relations between Ukraine and China were identified.
Keywords: Ukraine, China, Ukrainian-Chinese relations, foreign policy, internal and external factors, political relations, legal framework.

LOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF ECONOMIC RISKS

A. Filipenko — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the economic nature of risks due to the interaction of local (internal and external) and global factors that
influence the course of economic events. Logical dimensions of economic risks are considered mainly in the context of
probabilistic approaches formulated by K. Popper and J.M. Keynes. Applied aspects are analysed on the basis of the Bayes
conditional probability theorem and decision theory, which considers the maximisation of the expected value, the maximisation
of the expected monetary value and the maximisation of the expected utility.
Keywords: risk, uncertainty, probability, logical probability, logical proximity, risk analysis.

INNOVATIVE NATURE OF THE WORLD AND DOMESTIC MARKET OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

O. Pryiatelchuk, O. Stupnytskyy — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The place and role of agro – innovations are investigated. They are found to be the main driving force both of development of
the agricultural products' domestic market and of competitive advantages' formation for the participants in the world market.
Accelerated introduction of new generation digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex is determined by the effective use
of organizational advantages of the Ukrainian model of agricultural development. Organic production is the latest trend in the
world market of agricultural products. However, the advanced technologies actively used by farmers around the world are vertical
farms, aquaponics, unmanned aerial vehicles, advances in robotics, and more. Such an active demand for technological innovations
and their active use in agriculture contributes to the development of the agrі-industry itself, as well as areas that ensure
the development and production of innovative products. State assistance and support of farmers' interest in technological
innovations, which is implemented in various monetary and budgetary policy measures, remains an urgent issue.
Keywords: innovations, technologies, agro-industrial complex, competitive advantages.

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

D. Kusherets, M. Khmara — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the preconditions for the emergence of artificial intelligence, considers the world practices of its implementation in society.
Examples of strategies for successful use of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational environment of the Middle East, USA, China,
India, Japan, Germany, Canada are given. The necessity of creation of uniform standards of development of algorithms of artificial intelligence is
substantiated.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, educational environment, robotics, digitalization, neural networks, machine learning.

LEGAL REGIME OF PROPERTY OF STATE JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES IN UKRAINE: PROBLEM OF DETERMINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

O. Vygovskyy — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Problematic issues of determining the legal regime of property of state joint-stock companies, including those created in the
process of corporatization of state-owned enterprises, are considered in this article. The specific features of the legal regime of
property of this category of companies are analyzed, taking into account the specifics of their legal status and the participation of
the state in the process of foundation and management of such companies. The author made the analytical generalization of the
existing doctrinal approaches to determination of the legal regime of such property, legislative regulation in this area, nonuniform
and inconsistent case law on the legal regime of property of state joint-stock companies. It is suggested to consider the
property of such companies as exclusively state property, and the state joint-stock company is vested with only limited powers
related to the use of such property within the framework of its statutory activities. Changing the legal regime of such property
and its transfer to private ownership is possible due to the privatization procedures, and not as a result of transfer of such property
by the state to the charter capital of a state joint stock company or corporatization of a state enterprise.
Keywords: state joint-stock company, property, state ownership, corporatization, privatization, powers of the owner.

REGULATION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF OFFSHORE JURISDICTIONS

V. Buck, O. Slyusarenko — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

There are a large number of countries and territories in the world that provide tax benefits up to full tax exemption to companies registered
there that are used in international business. Such countries and territories are commonly referred to as offshore zones or international offshore
centers. Due to the development of international economic cooperation and liberalization of foreign economic relations, taxpayers of almost all
countries of the world have the opportunity to use offshore.
Keywords: offshore zones, financial centers, offshore companies, offshore centers, offshore bank.

HISTORICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF CIRCUMVENTION OF THE LAW IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN DOMESTIC PROCEEDINGS

V. Baldinyuk — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The modern judicial system of national justice of different countries has its own peculiarities in approaches to addressing the issue of
circumvention in private international law, depending on the jurisdiction and historical development of the concept of circumvention in private
international law. Given that the codifications of circumvention provisions in private international law have been included relatively recently, the
historical description of the solution (formation of the concept) of circumvention in court decisions and the consideration of modern codifications
are combined. Judicial decisions define the circumvention of the law as a circumvention of domestic substantive law or as a circumvention of
foreign law; here also arises the question of the regulatory part of the court decision: the invalidity of the act committed at noon of the law, or the
invalidity of its consequences. The absence or presence of a provision on circumvention of the law in the legislation does not remove the relevance
of the problem of circumvention of the law, which arises before a judge in resolving court disputes; the issue is further deepened in those legal
systems where there is no provision to circumvent the law. The formation of the concept of circumvention of the law in the internal justice of
different countries on the examples of illustrative court decisions and the corresponding conclusions, which, in fact, take place in modern judicial
practice. The approaches of legislators of different countries to the solution of circumvention of the law in private international law are highlighted.
Keywords: circumvention of the law, the concept of circumvention in private international law, the history of the formation of the concept of
circumvention, the history of private international law, private international law, case law, codifications in private international law, provisions on
circumvention, legislation on circumvention, modern codifications , the law on private international law.

Genesis and development priorities of international economic relations

A. Rumyantsev, O. Stepanov — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review of the edition by A. S. Filipenko. International economic relations. History. Theory. Politics : Textbook. – K. : Lybid, 2019. – 960 p

How to defeat Putin's Russia

E. Bevzyuk — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review of a popular scientific edition:
N. Doroshko. Undeclared wars of Russia against Ukraine in the XX – early XXI century: causes and consequences. –
К. : Nika-Center, 2020. – 192 p